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According to WHO, it has shown significant efficacy and acceptable safety profile during clinical trials in seropositive individuals however, it carries a risk of severe dengue infection in seronegative individuals, and also failed to confer subsequent protection in DENV-2 positive people in areas with less exposure of dengue (Arredondo-García et al. Recently, Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV), a tetravalent live attenuated vaccine has been approved for use in some of the highly dengue endemic areas where the sero-prevalence is higher than 70% (Guy et al. Therefore, next-generation vaccine strategies such as inactivated purified virus, DNA or protein-based subunit vaccines, and their fusion chimeras are now going under investigation and some of them even under clinical trials (Coller et al. In spite of having paucity of effective vaccines and drugs to expel dengue comprehensively, still it’s enduring a big challenge to human (Martina et al. Nonetheless, 250,000 to 500,000 patients were hospitalised due to dengue with warning signs (DWS+) and severe dengue (SD), and the total annual cost of dengue burden was estimated globally around US$ 8.9 billion (Giraldo-García and Castaño-Osorio, 2019 Guzman et al. The recently estimated annual 390 million dengue cases reveals that the dengue disease burden has tripled as compared to previous predictions of 50 to 100 million reported cases without dengue warning signs. According to World Health Organization (WHO), an estimate of 3.9 billion people in 128 countries are living in areas with a high risk of dengue infection (Brady et al. 2016) with around 390 million (95% credible interval 284 to 528 million) cases recorded per year, of which only 96 million (95% credible interval 67 to 136 million) cases were manifested clinically (Giraldo-García and Castaño-Osorio, 2019 Bhatt et al. In the recent decades, dengue has emerged as one of the world’s most dominant tropical diseases (Guzman et al. These results suggest that Fu and bc epitope-based recombinant fusion protein could be a potential candidate towards the development of the effective subunit vaccine against DENV. Furthermore, the binding of Fubc protein with mice antisera was validated by SPR analysis. It was observed by ELISA that Fubc fusion protein elicited higher serum IgG antibody response either in the presence or in absence of Freund’s adjuvant in comparison to the immune response of Fu and bc peptides separately. To characterise immune responses against recombinant Fubc protein, BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with emulsified antigen preparation. Subsequently, structural integrity of the purified protein was verified by CD spectroscopy. The redesigned Fubc protein was expressed in E. For de novo designing of the antigen, Fu and bc peptides were linked with an optimised linker so that the three dimensional conformation was maintained as it is in DENV envelope protein. Therefore, in this study, Fu and bc loops were joined together to develop a short recombinant protein as an alternative of whole DENV envelope protein, and its immunogenic potential as fusion peptide was estimated. Several studies have shown that fusion (Fu) and bc loop of DENV envelope domain II are highly conserved and consist some of the most dominant antigenic epitopes.
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Dengue virus (DENV) is a vector-borne human pathogen that usually causes dengue fever however, sometime it leads to deadly complications such as dengue with warning signs (DWS+) and severe dengue (SD).